The MAC address is formed in accordance to the rules of the three numbering name spaces, which are managed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). During network communication the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) for the Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) or the Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) for IPv6 translates the IP into a NIC. The NIC is a computer circuit card that allows a computer to connect to a network. The MAC address is usually assigned by the manufacturer of a Network Interface Controller (NIC), and it is stored in the hardware. Among its applications are the Ethernet, 802.11 wireless networks and Bluetooth. Sometimes it is known as the burned-in address (BIA) or the Ethernet hardware address (EHA). It is used as a network address for most IEEE 802 network technologies. It is a unique identifier for network interfaces.
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